In my view, edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are an exceptional culinary delight, and we should earnestly explore their potential as therapeutic agents.
Although classified as vegetables in the culinary world, mushrooms are fungi, not plants, and impart a rich, savoury depth to a multitude of dishes. With over 20,000 identified mushroom species, only a select few dozen are suitable for human consumption.
For thousands of years, civilizations have not only savoured mushrooms as food but also harnessed their medicinal properties, particularly before the advent of modern pharmaceuticals. A pivotal moment in contemporary medicine occurred in 1928 when Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, a groundbreaking antibiotic derived from the penicillium mould.
Nutritionally, edible mushrooms are a powerhouse, abundant in essential nutrients and fibre, yet low in fat and calories. They provide vital vitamins and minerals, including B vitamins, phosphorus, vitamin D, selenium, potassium and copper. Notably, mushrooms are rich in bioactive compounds such as indoles, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and carotenoids, which are renowned for their antioxidant, anticancer, anti-Alzheimer's, and anti-inflammatory properties. Many also exhibit antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, antiparasitic, antitumor, and antiviral activities.
The potassium content in numerous edible mushrooms contributes to blood pressure regulation, while their ability to stimulate macrophages enhances immune function. Antioxidants present in mushrooms may reduce the risk of hypertension and other metabolic disorders. Incorporating mushrooms into one's diet can also aid weight loss efforts, especially when used as a substitute for high-cholesterol meats.
Below is a selection of mushrooms and fungi commonly used for their medicinal benefits:
Chaga (Inonotus Obliquus): This parasitic growth on birch trees is renowned for its anticancer, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Chaga supports healthy cholesterol levels, gut health, and immune function. Due to its tough texture, it is typically consumed in shredded or powdered form rather than as a culinary ingredient.
Cordyceps (Cordyceps Sinensis): Resembling a caterpillar, this fungus possesses antibacterial, antihypertensive, antiviral, and sedative properties. It promotes a healthy metabolism and energy levels, making it beneficial for athletic performance and muscle recovery by enhancing oxygen utilization and blood flow. Cordyceps is also reputed to boost libido.
Lion’s Mane (Hericium Erinaceus): Known for its neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and immune-supporting attributes, Lion’s Mane is particularly valued for enhancing cognition, memory, and concentration. It stimulates the production of nerve growth factor (NGF) and myelin, both crucial for brain health. Imbalances in these substances may contribute to neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, Lion’s Mane may alleviate anxiety and irritability.
Maitake (Grifola Frondosa): This mushroom exhibits antioxidant and anticancer properties, aids in cholesterol and blood pressure regulation, assists in blood sugar metabolism, and bolsters the immune system.
Oyster (Pleurotus Ostreatus): Renowned for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherosclerotic effects, the Oyster mushroom also supports immune health.
Reishi (Ganoderma Lucidum): Beneficial for allergies and inflammation, Reishi promotes a healthy gut microbiome, enhances immune function, and offers antioxidant and antitumor effects. It contains triterpene, a mood-enhancing compound that can reduce anxiety and depression. Due to its tough texture, Reishi is often consumed in powdered form.
Shiitake (Lentinula): Esteemed for cardiovascular support, Shiitake mushrooms help lower LDL cholesterol, prevent plaque accumulation, and maintain healthy blood pressure and circulation. They also possess immune-supporting, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties.
Turkey Tail (Trametes Versicolor): This mushroom enhances immune function, aids in cancer prevention, and provides antioxidant benefits. It contains polysaccharide-K (PSK), an approved anticancer prescription drug in Japan that stimulates the immune system. Turkey Tail has been shown to improve survival rates in certain cancer patients and supports the immune systems of those undergoing chemotherapy.
Mycologists and scientists are increasingly validating the therapeutic claims surrounding fungi and mushrooms that traditional medicine has espoused for centuries.
However, if you are considering incorporating medicinal mushrooms into your health regimen, especially for chronic conditions or cancer treatment, it is imperative to consult with your health-care provider and a naturopathic doctor before initiating any such protocol.
For an inspiring exploration of the fascinating world of fungi, I recommend watching the documentary "Fantastic Fungi," which sparked my own passion for mushrooms and fungi.
For those interested in cultivating mushrooms for personal use, there are many existing growers who can provide the growing compound, spores and advice on DIY at home.
May you also uncover the remarkable health benefits of fungi.
Claire Nielsen is a health coach, author, public speaker and founder of www.elixirforlife.ca. The information provided in the above article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional health and medical advice. Please consult a doctor, health-care provider or mental health practitioner if you're seeking medical advice, diagnoses and/or treatment.
